• TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. 
  • It was developed in 1978 by DOD and driven by Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn. 
  • It is not a single protocol but it is in suite of protocols. 
  • They are used to connect hosts on the internet for communication. 
  • TCP/IP use several protocols but there are two main 1)TCP 2) IP. 
  • TCP is built into the UNX operating system and is used by the internet for transmitting data over networks. 
  • TCP/IP is a set of standardized rules that allow computers to communicate on a network such as the internet.
  • TCP and IP were developed by DOD(Department of Defence). TCP/IP is a two-layer program.
  • Higher layer, Transmission Control Protocol, manages the assembling of message or file into smaller packets that are transmitted over internet and received by a TCP layer that reassembles the packet into the original message.
  • The lower layer Internet Protocol(IP), handles the address part of each packet so that it gets to the right destination.
  • Each computer in network checks this address to see where to forward the message , Even though some packets from same message are routed differently than others, they will be reassembled at the destination.
  • TCP/IP use the client/server model of communication in which computer user
  • requests and provide service by another computer in the network.
  • TCP/IP communication is basically point-to-point. Means each communicator from one point in the network connected with another point or host computer.
  • TCP/IP and the higher level application that use it are called "stateless" because each client request is considered as new request, unrelated to any previous one.
  • Many internet user are familiar with other protocol such as FTP, SMTP,HTTP, Telnet which are all member of TCP/IP suite.
  • Protocols related to dial-up connection include the UDP (user Datagram Protocol) Which is used instead of TCP/IP for special purpose.